"""
NOMAZRA Law Entries Data — Foundational law entries for the LawEntry model.
Key statutes and constitutional provisions for 6 countries across major legal areas.
These provide the basis for RAG-enhanced AI responses with real citations.
"""

LAW_ENTRIES = [
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNITED STATES — Key Federal Laws
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "constitutional",
        "title": "U.S. Constitution — Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10)",
        "full_text": "Amendment 1: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\n\nAmendment 2: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.\n\nAmendment 4: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause.\n\nAmendment 5: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.\n\nAmendment 6: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury, the right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.\n\nAmendment 8: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.",
        "summary": "The Bill of Rights guarantees fundamental freedoms: speech, religion, press, assembly, right to bear arms, protection from unreasonable searches, right to due process, right to counsel, protection from cruel punishment, and rights reserved to states and people.",
        "effective_date": "1791-12-15",
        "tags": ["constitution", "bill_of_rights", "fundamental_rights", "amendments"],
        "source_url": "https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-1/",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "civil",
        "title": "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964",
        "full_text": "It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. (42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2)\n\nIt shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer for employment, or otherwise to discriminate against, any individual because of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.\n\nApplies to employers with 15 or more employees. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces this law. Complaints must be filed within 180 days (or 300 days in deferral states) of the discriminatory act.",
        "summary": "Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Applies to employers with 15+ employees. Enforced by the EEOC. Covers hiring, firing, compensation, and all terms of employment.",
        "effective_date": "1964-07-02",
        "tags": ["discrimination", "employment", "civil_rights", "eeoc", "race", "gender"],
        "source_url": "https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/title-vii-civil-rights-act-1964",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)",
        "full_text": "The FLSA establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards affecting employees in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments.\n\nMinimum Wage: The federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour effective July 24, 2009. Many states and localities have higher minimum wages.\n\nOvertime Pay: Covered nonexempt workers must receive overtime pay at a rate of not less than one and one-half times the regular rate of pay after 40 hours of work in a workweek.\n\nChild Labor: The FLSA's child labor provisions are designed to protect the educational opportunities of minors and prohibit their employment in jobs and under conditions detrimental to their health or well-being.\n\nExemptions apply to executive, administrative, professional, and outside sales employees meeting specific salary and duties tests.",
        "summary": "Federal law establishing minimum wage ($7.25/hr), overtime requirements (1.5x after 40 hours/week), child labor protections, and recordkeeping standards. Exemptions exist for certain salaried executive, administrative, and professional employees.",
        "effective_date": "1938-06-25",
        "last_amended": "2009-07-24",
        "tags": ["minimum_wage", "overtime", "labor", "flsa", "employment", "child_labor"],
        "source_url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/flsa",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "consumer",
        "title": "Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)",
        "full_text": "The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 15 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq., promotes the accuracy, fairness, and privacy of consumer information contained in the files of consumer reporting agencies.\n\nKey provisions: You have the right to know what is in your file. You have the right to dispute incomplete or inaccurate information. Consumer reporting agencies must correct or delete inaccurate, incomplete, or unverifiable information. Access to your file is limited (permissible purpose required). You must give your consent for reports to be provided to employers. You may limit 'prescreened' offers of credit and insurance you get based on information in your credit report. You may seek damages from violators.",
        "summary": "Regulates collection, dissemination, and use of consumer credit information. Gives consumers the right to access, dispute, and correct their credit reports. Limits who can access credit information and requires permissible purpose.",
        "effective_date": "1970-10-26",
        "tags": ["credit", "consumer", "fcra", "privacy", "reporting"],
        "source_url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/statutes/fair-credit-reporting-act",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "family",
        "title": "Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)",
        "full_text": "The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with continuation of group health insurance coverage.\n\nEligible employees are entitled to: 12 workweeks of leave in a 12-month period for the birth of a child, placement of a child for adoption/foster care, care for immediate family member with serious health condition, or employee's own serious health condition.\n\n26 workweeks for military caregiver leave.\n\nEmployees must have worked 12 months and 1,250 hours in the preceding year. Applies to employers with 50+ employees within 75 miles.",
        "summary": "Provides eligible employees up to 12 weeks unpaid, job-protected leave per year for childbirth, adoption, family care, or serious health conditions. Applies to employers with 50+ employees. Employee must have worked 12 months and 1,250 hours.",
        "effective_date": "1993-02-05",
        "tags": ["family", "medical_leave", "fmla", "employment", "maternity"],
        "source_url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "property",
        "title": "Fair Housing Act",
        "full_text": "The Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq., prohibits discrimination by direct providers of housing, such as landlords and real estate companies as well as other entities, such as municipalities, banks or other lending institutions and homeowners insurance companies whose discriminatory practices make housing unavailable to persons because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability.\n\nSpecifically prohibited: Refuse to rent or sell housing; discriminate in terms/conditions/privileges; make, print, or publish discriminatory statements; falsely deny housing is available; provide different services or facilities; refuse to make reasonable accommodations for disabled persons.",
        "summary": "Prohibits housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability. Covers rental, sale, lending, insurance, and advertising. Requires reasonable accommodations for disabled persons.",
        "effective_date": "1968-04-11",
        "tags": ["housing", "discrimination", "fair_housing", "rental", "disability"],
        "source_url": "https://www.justice.gov/crt/fair-housing-act-1",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "criminal",
        "title": "Miranda Rights — Miranda v. Arizona (1966)",
        "full_text": "In Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), the Supreme Court held that the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect of the following rights before questioning:\n\n1. You have the right to remain silent.\n2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.\n3. You have the right to an attorney.\n4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.\n\nIf these warnings are not given, any statement obtained may be inadmissible in court. The suspect may waive these rights, but the waiver must be voluntary, knowing, and intelligent. The suspect may invoke these rights at any time during questioning.",
        "summary": "Supreme Court ruling requiring police to inform suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation: right to silence, anything said can be used in court, right to an attorney, and right to appointed counsel if unable to afford one.",
        "effective_date": "1966-06-13",
        "tags": ["miranda", "criminal", "arrest", "rights", "5th_amendment", "self_incrimination"],
        "source_url": "https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/384/436/",
    },
    {
        "country": "US",
        "area": "immigration",
        "title": "Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) — Key Provisions",
        "full_text": "The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), also known as the Hart-Celler Act of 1965, is the principal body of law governing immigration to and citizenship in the United States.\n\nKey provisions include: Categories of admission (family-based, employment-based, diversity lottery, refugees/asylees). Grounds of inadmissibility and deportability. Rights of persons in removal proceedings (right to hearing, right to counsel at own expense, right to appeal). Asylum provisions: any person physically present in the US may apply for asylum regardless of manner of entry (INA § 208). Naturalization requirements: 5 years of continuous residence (3 if married to U.S. citizen), good moral character, English proficiency, civics knowledge.",
        "summary": "The primary federal immigration law governing admission, deportation, naturalization, and asylum in the United States. Establishes visa categories, deportation grounds, asylum rights, and citizenship requirements.",
        "effective_date": "1965-10-03",
        "tags": ["immigration", "visa", "asylum", "deportation", "naturalization", "ina"],
        "source_url": "https://www.uscis.gov/laws-and-policy/legislation/immigration-and-nationality-act",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UNITED KINGDOM — Key Laws
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "UK",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Employment Rights Act 1996",
        "full_text": "The Employment Rights Act 1996 is the primary legislation governing employment rights in England, Scotland, and Wales.\n\nKey provisions: Right to a written statement of employment particulars (from day 1). Protection against unfair dismissal (after 2 years' qualifying service). Right to notice: 1 week per year of service (up to 12 weeks). Redundancy payments: 0.5 week's pay per year under 22, 1 week's pay per year 22-40, 1.5 weeks' pay per year 41+. Right to time off for public duties, antenatal care, dependants. Protection for whistleblowers (Part IVA). Right to request flexible working. Itemised pay statement. Protection from unauthorised deductions from wages.",
        "summary": "Primary UK employment law covering: right to written terms, unfair dismissal protection (2+ years), statutory notice periods, redundancy pay, whistleblower protections, flexible working requests, and protection from unlawful wage deductions.",
        "effective_date": "1996-08-22",
        "tags": ["employment", "unfair_dismissal", "redundancy", "notice", "whistleblower", "uk"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18/contents",
    },
    {
        "country": "UK",
        "area": "civil",
        "title": "Equality Act 2010",
        "full_text": "The Equality Act 2010 consolidates and replaces previous anti-discrimination legislation in the UK.\n\nProtected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation.\n\nProhibited conduct: direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation. Applies to: employment, services and public functions, premises, education, associations.\n\nEmployers must make reasonable adjustments for disabled employees. Public sector duty: eliminate discrimination, advance equality, foster good relations.",
        "summary": "Consolidated UK anti-discrimination law protecting 9 characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage, pregnancy, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation. Covers employment, services, education, and public functions.",
        "effective_date": "2010-10-01",
        "tags": ["equality", "discrimination", "protected_characteristics", "uk", "employment"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents",
    },
    {
        "country": "UK",
        "area": "consumer",
        "title": "Consumer Rights Act 2015",
        "full_text": "The Consumer Rights Act 2015 sets out the key consumer rights regarding goods, services, and digital content.\n\nGoods must be: of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose, as described. 30-day right to reject faulty goods for full refund. After 30 days: right to repair or replacement (one attempt). If repair/replacement fails: right to price reduction or final right to reject.\n\nDigital content: same rights as goods. Services: must be performed with reasonable care and skill, within reasonable time, for reasonable price if not agreed.\n\nUnfair terms: terms that create significant imbalance to the detriment of the consumer are unfair and not binding. Transparency and fairness requirements for all contract terms.",
        "summary": "UK consumer protection law: goods must be satisfactory quality, fit for purpose, as described. 30-day refund right for faulty goods. Covers digital content and services. Unfair contract terms are not binding.",
        "effective_date": "2015-10-01",
        "tags": ["consumer", "rights", "goods", "services", "refund", "uk"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/contents",
    },
    {
        "country": "UK",
        "area": "criminal",
        "title": "Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE)",
        "full_text": "PACE and its Codes of Practice set out the core framework for police powers and individuals' rights.\n\nCode A: Stop and search — police need reasonable grounds to suspect. Code B: Search of premises — generally requires a warrant. Code C: Detention, treatment and questioning — right to legal advice (free, in person, in private), right to have someone informed, reviews of detention at set intervals, custody records, appropriate adult for juveniles and vulnerable persons. Code D: Identification — identity parades, photographs. Code E: Audio recording of interviews.\n\nMaximum detention: 24 hours without charge (36 hours with superintendent authorization, 96 hours with magistrate's warrant for serious arrestable offences).",
        "summary": "Core UK law governing police powers: stop and search, entry and search of premises, arrest, detention, and questioning. Establishes right to legal advice, custody time limits (24-96 hours), and Codes of Practice for police conduct.",
        "effective_date": "1984-10-31",
        "tags": ["pace", "police", "criminal", "detention", "arrest", "search", "uk"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/contents",
    },
    {
        "country": "UK",
        "area": "property",
        "title": "Housing Act 1988 — Assured Shorthold Tenancies",
        "full_text": "The Housing Act 1988 creates the framework for private rented housing.\n\nAssured Shorthold Tenancy (AST) is the default form of tenancy. Landlord rights: Section 21 (no-fault eviction with 2 months' notice — being reformed by Renters Reform Act). Section 8 (eviction with grounds — e.g., rent arrears, antisocial behaviour).\n\nTenant protections: minimum notice periods, court process required for eviction, protection from illegal eviction. Deposit protection: landlord must protect deposit in approved scheme within 30 days. Failure to protect invalidates Section 21.\n\nSection 11 of Landlord and Tenant Act 1985: landlord must maintain structure, exterior, heating, hot water, sanitation.",
        "summary": "Framework for private renting in England and Wales. Creates Assured Shorthold Tenancies. Section 21 (no-fault, 2 months' notice) and Section 8 (with grounds) eviction routes. Deposit protection mandatory. Landlord repair obligations.",
        "effective_date": "1989-01-15",
        "tags": ["housing", "tenancy", "landlord", "eviction", "section21", "deposit", "uk"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/50/contents",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # NIGERIA — Key Laws
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "NG",
        "area": "constitutional",
        "title": "Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 — Fundamental Rights (Chapter IV)",
        "full_text": "Chapter IV of the Nigerian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights:\n\nSection 33: Right to life — every person has a right to life, no one shall be deprived intentionally except in execution of sentence of a court.\nSection 34: Right to dignity of person — no torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, slavery or forced labour.\nSection 35: Right to personal liberty — no person shall be deprived of personal freedom except as permitted by law. Arrested person must be informed of reasons, brought before court within 24/48 hours.\nSection 36: Right to fair hearing — presumed innocent until proven guilty, right to defend yourself, right to a fair trial within a reasonable time.\nSection 37: Right to private and family life.\nSection 38: Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.\nSection 39: Right to freedom of expression and the press.\nSection 40: Right to peaceful assembly and association.\nSection 41: Right to freedom of movement.\nSection 42: Right to freedom from discrimination on grounds of ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion, or political opinion.\nSection 43: Right to acquire and own immovable property.\nSection 44: Protection against compulsory acquisition without compensation.",
        "summary": "Chapter IV of the Nigerian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights including: life, dignity, personal liberty, fair hearing, privacy, freedom of thought/conscience/religion, expression, assembly, movement, non-discrimination, and property rights.",
        "effective_date": "1999-05-29",
        "tags": ["constitution", "fundamental_rights", "nigeria", "chapter4"],
        "source_url": "https://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm",
    },
    {
        "country": "NG",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Labour Act (Cap L1 LFN 2004)",
        "full_text": "The Labour Act is the primary employment legislation in Nigeria for workers below the management cadre.\n\nKey provisions: Written contract of employment required (Section 7). Normal working hours shall not exceed those fixed by collective agreement or 8 hours/day (Section 13). Payment of wages: must be paid in legal tender, at agreed intervals (Section 1). Notice of termination: contractual or statutory — 1 day (under 3 months), 1 week (3 months - 2 years), 2 weeks (2-5 years), 1 month (5+ years) (Section 11).\n\nAnnual leave: 6 working days after 12 months (Section 18). Sick leave: up to 12 days per year (Section 16). No forced labour (Section 73). Special protections for women: no night work in industrial undertakings, maternity leave provisions (Sections 54-58).",
        "summary": "Nigeria's primary labour law: requires written contracts, limits working hours to 8/day, specifies notice periods (1 day to 1 month based on tenure), provides 6 days annual leave, 12 days sick leave, and protections for women workers.",
        "effective_date": "2004-01-01",
        "tags": ["labour", "employment", "wages", "notice", "leave", "nigeria"],
        "source_url": "http://www.nigeria-law.org/Labour%20Act.htm",
    },
    {
        "country": "NG",
        "area": "criminal",
        "title": "Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 (ACJA)",
        "full_text": "The ACJA 2015 reformed criminal justice administration in Nigeria.\n\nKey provisions: Section 6: Police must record arrest in a register with details of the arrest. Section 8: Arrested person must be brought before a court within a reasonable time (24 hours in areas with courts, 48 hours otherwise). Section 15(4): Suspect has right to be informed of allegations in a language they understand. Section 33: Bail for bailable offences is a right. Section 110: Plea bargain provisions introduced. Section 293: Recording of confessional statements must be in the presence of a legal practitioner. Section 396: Courts must deliver judgment within 90 days of adoption of final addresses.\n\nGoal: ensure fair, efficient, and speedy dispensation of criminal justice, protect the rights of the suspect, defendant, and victim.",
        "summary": "Reformed criminal justice in Nigeria: mandates arrest records, 24/48 hour limit for court presentation, right to know allegations, bail provisions, plea bargaining, and 90-day judgment deadline. Protects rights of suspects and victims.",
        "effective_date": "2015-05-27",
        "tags": ["criminal", "justice", "acja", "arrest", "bail", "nigeria"],
        "source_url": "https://laws.lawnigeria.com/2019/04/23/administration-of-criminal-justice-act-2015/",
    },
    {
        "country": "NG",
        "area": "consumer",
        "title": "Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018 (FCCPA)",
        "full_text": "The FCCPA established the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) with broad powers.\n\nConsumer rights: Right to information about products and services. Right to safety and quality. Right to choose. Right to seek redress. Right to consumer education. Protection against unconscionable conduct in trade.\n\nThe FCCPC can: investigate complaints, conduct market studies, order recalls, impose penalties for anti-competitive practices, protect consumers in e-commerce.\n\nProhibited: misleading/deceptive conduct, unconscionable terms, product safety violations, price fixing, market allocation, abuse of dominant position.",
        "summary": "Nigeria's consumer protection and competition law. Establishes FCCPC. Protects consumer rights to information, safety, quality, choice, and redress. Prohibits anti-competitive practices, misleading conduct, and unsafe products.",
        "effective_date": "2019-01-01",
        "tags": ["consumer", "competition", "fccpa", "fccpc", "nigeria"],
        "source_url": "https://fccpc.gov.ng/",
    },
    {
        "country": "NG",
        "area": "property",
        "title": "Lagos State Tenancy Law 2011",
        "full_text": "The Lagos State Tenancy Law 2011 governs landlord-tenant relationships in Lagos.\n\nKey provisions: Quarterly tenants: 3 months' notice to quit. Half-yearly tenants: 6 months' notice. Yearly tenants: 6 months' notice (previously 6 months under the old law). The landlord cannot forcefully eject a tenant — must obtain a court order. Security deposit/caution fee cannot exceed the equivalent of one year's rent. Rent must not be collected more than one year in advance for new tenancies. Tenant must be given 7 days to remedy breach before recovery action.\n\nSelf-help eviction (changing locks, removing property, disconnecting utilities) is illegal and constitutes a criminal offence.",
        "summary": "Lagos tenancy law: 3-6 months notice required to quit. Self-help eviction is criminal. Security deposit capped at 1 year's rent. Rent collection limited to 1 year in advance. Tenant gets 7 days to remedy breach. Court order required for eviction.",
        "effective_date": "2011-08-15",
        "tags": ["tenancy", "landlord", "eviction", "lagos", "nigeria", "property"],
        "source_url": "https://lagosstate.gov.ng/",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # INDIA — Key Laws
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "IN",
        "area": "constitutional",
        "title": "Constitution of India — Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12-35)",
        "full_text": "Part III of the Indian Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights:\n\nArticle 14: Equality before the law and equal protection of laws.\nArticle 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.\nArticle 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment.\nArticle 17: Abolition of untouchability.\nArticle 19: Protection of six freedoms — speech/expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession.\nArticle 20: Protection against ex post facto laws, double jeopardy, self-incrimination.\nArticle 21: Protection of life and personal liberty — no person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.\nArticle 21A: Right to education (6-14 years).\nArticle 22: Protection against arrest and detention — right to be informed of grounds, right to counsel, production before magistrate within 24 hours.\nArticle 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.\nArticle 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.\nArticle 32: Right to constitutional remedies (right to approach Supreme Court directly).",
        "summary": "Part III of the Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights: equality, non-discrimination, abolition of untouchability, six freedoms of speech/assembly/association/movement/residence/profession, protection of life and liberty, right to education, protection against arbitrary arrest, and right to constitutional remedies.",
        "effective_date": "1950-01-26",
        "tags": ["constitution", "fundamental_rights", "india", "part3", "equality", "liberty"],
        "source_url": "https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/",
    },
    {
        "country": "IN",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Industrial Disputes Act 1947 — Retrenchment and Layoff Provisions",
        "full_text": "The Industrial Disputes Act 1947 governs investigation and settlement of industrial disputes.\n\nSection 25F: Conditions precedent to retrenchment — workman employed for 1+ year cannot be retrenched unless: one month's written notice with reasons (or pay in lieu), 15 days' average pay per year of service as compensation, notice to appropriate government.\n\nSection 25N: In establishments with 100+ workers, prior government permission required before retrenchment. Section 25M: Similar permission needed for layoff.\n\nSection 2(oo): Retrenchment defined as termination for any reason other than punishment for misconduct. Excludes voluntary retirement, superannuation, non-renewal of contract, or termination due to continued ill health.",
        "summary": "Governs retrenchment in India: 1 month notice + 15 days wage per year compensation for workers with 1+ year service. Establishments with 100+ workers need government permission. Provides mechanisms for dispute resolution through conciliation, arbitration, and labour courts.",
        "effective_date": "1947-04-01",
        "tags": ["industrial_disputes", "retrenchment", "layoff", "labour", "india"],
        "source_url": "https://labour.gov.in/",
    },
    {
        "country": "IN",
        "area": "criminal",
        "title": "D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) — Guidelines for Arrest",
        "full_text": "In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) 1 SCC 416, the Supreme Court of India laid down 11 mandatory guidelines for arrest:\n\n1. The police personnel carrying out the arrest shall bear accurate, visible and clear identification and name tags with their designations.\n2. A memo of arrest shall be prepared at the time of arrest, attested by at least one witness (family member or respectable person) and countersigned by the arrestee.\n3. The arrested person has the right to inform a relative or friend about the arrest. The duty of the police officer to inform the next friend/relative and the entry in the diary shall be made.\n4. If the friend/relative lives outside the district, police to inform within 8-12 hours by telegram.\n5. The arrested person must be medically examined at the time of arrest and every 48 hours during detention.\n6. Copies of all documents including the memo of arrest shall be sent to the Magistrate.\n7. The arrested person may be permitted to meet his lawyer during the interrogation, though not throughout the interrogation.\n8. A police control room shall be established at every district and state headquarters displaying the names of persons arrested and details of the arresting officer.\n\nViolation of these directions would render the official liable for contempt of court and disciplinary action.",
        "summary": "Supreme Court of India established 11 mandatory guidelines for arrest: visible identification of officers, arrest memo, right to inform family, medical examination, access to lawyer, and police control room records. Violation constitutes contempt of court.",
        "effective_date": "1997-01-01",
        "tags": ["arrest", "guidelines", "supreme_court", "india", "dk_basu", "criminal"],
        "source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/501198/",
    },
    {
        "country": "IN",
        "area": "family",
        "title": "Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 (PWDVA)",
        "full_text": "The PWDVA provides comprehensive protection to women from domestic violence.\n\nDomestic violence includes: physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse, economic abuse. An 'aggrieved person' is any woman in a domestic relationship with the respondent.\n\nRemedies available: Protection orders (Section 18), Residence orders (Section 19) — woman cannot be evicted from shared household, Monetary relief (Section 20), Custody orders (Section 21), Compensation orders (Section 22).\n\nThe Act provides for Protection Officers, service providers, and shelter homes. Magistrate must dispose of applications within 60 days. Filing a complaint under this Act does not preclude filing under IPC provisions.",
        "summary": "Protects women from all forms of domestic violence: physical, sexual, verbal/emotional, and economic abuse. Provides protection orders, right to residence in shared household, monetary relief, custody orders, and compensation. Cases to be decided within 60 days.",
        "effective_date": "2006-10-26",
        "tags": ["domestic_violence", "women", "protection", "family", "india", "pwdva"],
        "source_url": "https://wcd.nic.in/act/protection-women-domestic-violence-act-2005",
    },
    {
        "country": "IN",
        "area": "consumer",
        "title": "Consumer Protection Act 2019",
        "full_text": "The Consumer Protection Act 2019 replaced the 1986 Act with modern consumer protections.\n\nKey features: Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) established. E-commerce consumers specifically covered. Product liability provisions — manufacturer, seller, and service provider all liable. Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions at District (up to ₹1 crore), State (₹1-10 crore), and National (above ₹10 crore) levels.\n\nConsumer rights: Right to safety, Right to be informed, Right to choose, Right to be heard, Right to seek redressal, Right to consumer education. Misleading advertisements: CCPA can impose penalties up to ₹50 lakh. Mediation provisions introduced for faster resolution.",
        "summary": "Modern Indian consumer protection law: establishes CCPA, covers e-commerce, introduces product liability for manufacturers/sellers/service providers, three-tier dispute resolution (District/State/National), and penalties up to ₹50 lakh for misleading ads.",
        "effective_date": "2020-07-20",
        "tags": ["consumer", "protection", "india", "ccpa", "e_commerce", "product_liability"],
        "source_url": "https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # CANADA — Key Laws
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "CA",
        "area": "constitutional",
        "title": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)",
        "full_text": "The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.\n\nFundamental Freedoms (Section 2): conscience and religion, thought/belief/opinion/expression, peaceful assembly, association.\n\nLegal Rights: life, liberty, security of person (Section 7). Search/seizure protections (Section 8). Detention/arrest rights (Section 9-10): right to reasons, right to counsel, habeas corpus. Trial rights (Section 11): presumption of innocence, reasonable bail, trial within reasonable time, jury for serious offences. Cruel and unusual treatment prohibited (Section 12).\n\nEquality Rights (Section 15): equal before and under the law, without discrimination based on race, national/ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, mental/physical disability.\n\nLanguage Rights (Sections 16-23): Official bilingualism (English and French).",
        "summary": "Canada's fundamental rights document: guarantees freedoms of expression, religion, assembly, association; legal rights including right to counsel, presumption of innocence, no cruel punishment; equality without discrimination; and official bilingualism in English and French.",
        "effective_date": "1982-04-17",
        "tags": ["charter", "rights", "freedoms", "canada", "constitution", "equality"],
        "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/const/page-12.html",
    },
    {
        "country": "CA",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Canada Labour Code — Federal Employment Standards",
        "full_text": "The Canada Labour Code governs federally regulated workplaces (banks, telecommunications, interprovincial transportation, federal government).\n\nPart III — Labour Standards: Maximum hours: 8/day, 40/week (modified work hours possible). Overtime: 1.5x after standard hours. Minimum 2 weeks vacation after 1 year (3 weeks after 5 years, 4 weeks after 10 years). Maternity leave: 17 weeks. Parental leave: 63 weeks. Compassionate care leave: 28 weeks. Personal leave: 5 days/year (3 paid after 3 months).\n\nTermination: 2 weeks' notice (or pay in lieu) for employees with 3+ months service. Severance: 5 days' wages per year for employees with 12+ months. Unjust dismissal provisions for non-managerial employees with 12+ months.",
        "summary": "Federal Canadian employment standards: 40-hour work week, 1.5x overtime, 2+ weeks vacation, 17 weeks maternity leave, 63 weeks parental leave, 2 weeks termination notice, and unjust dismissal protections for employees with 12+ months service.",
        "effective_date": "1985-01-01",
        "tags": ["labour", "employment", "canada", "standards", "termination", "maternity"],
        "source_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # AUSTRALIA — Key Laws
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "AU",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Fair Work Act 2009 — National Employment Standards",
        "full_text": "The Fair Work Act 2009 establishes the National Employment Standards (NES) — 11 minimum entitlements for all national system employees.\n\n1. Maximum weekly hours: 38 hours (plus reasonable additional hours). 2. Requests for flexible working arrangements. 3. Parental leave: 12 months unpaid (plus right to request 12 more). 4. Annual leave: 4 weeks per year (5 for shift workers). 5. Personal/carer's leave: 10 days paid per year. 6. Compassionate leave: 2 days per occasion. 7. Family and domestic violence leave: 10 days paid per year. 8. Community service leave (jury duty, emergency). 9. Long service leave (varies by state, typically 2 months after 10 years). 10. Public holidays. 11. Notice of termination and redundancy pay.\n\nUnfair dismissal: employee with 6+ months service (12 months for small business) can claim unfair dismissal at the Fair Work Commission. General protections against adverse action for exercising workplace rights.",
        "summary": "Australia's primary employment law: 11 National Employment Standards including maximum 38-hour week, 4 weeks annual leave, 12 months parental leave, 10 days personal leave, and unfair dismissal protections via Fair Work Commission.",
        "effective_date": "2009-07-01",
        "tags": ["fair_work", "employment", "australia", "nes", "unfair_dismissal", "leave"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2024C00191",
    },
    {
        "country": "AU",
        "area": "consumer",
        "title": "Australian Consumer Law (ACL) — Competition and Consumer Act 2010, Schedule 2",
        "full_text": "The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) is a national law that applies uniformly across all states and territories.\n\nConsumer guarantees: Goods must be of acceptable quality, fit for purpose, match description/sample, be repaired/spare parts available. Services must be provided with due care and skill, fit for purpose, delivered within reasonable time.\n\nRemedies: Major failure — consumer can reject goods and get refund, or keep goods and get compensation. Minor failure — supplier can choose to repair, replace, or refund.\n\nProhibited: Misleading or deceptive conduct (Section 18). Unconscionable conduct. Unfair contract terms (automatically void). False or misleading representations. Pyramid schemes.\n\nACCC (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission) enforces the ACL.",
        "summary": "National consumer protection law: goods must be acceptable quality, fit for purpose, and as described. Major failure = consumer chooses refund/replacement. Minor failure = supplier chooses. Prohibits misleading conduct, unconscionable terms, and unfair contract terms.",
        "effective_date": "2011-01-01",
        "tags": ["consumer", "acl", "australia", "accc", "guarantees", "refund"],
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2022C00083",
    },
    {
        "country": "AU",
        "area": "criminal",
        "title": "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Rights During Arrest",
        "full_text": "Following the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (1991), specific protections exist for Indigenous Australians during arrest and detention.\n\nKey recommendations implemented: Right to contact an Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS) upon arrest. Right to contact a family member or community member. Custody notification service: police MUST notify the ALS when an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person is detained (mandatory in NSW, SA, and other jurisdictions). Fitness for interview must be assessed. Interpreters must be provided if needed.\n\nDeaths in custody must be investigated by the coroner. Police must take all reasonable steps to prevent self-harm. Regular welfare checks required. Culturally appropriate medical care. All interview procedures must comply with PACE-equivalent legislation in each state.",
        "summary": "Special protections for Indigenous Australians during arrest: mandatory notification to Aboriginal Legal Service, right to contact family/community, fitness for interview assessment, interpreter rights, and enhanced custody safeguards following the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.",
        "effective_date": "1991-04-15",
        "tags": ["indigenous", "aboriginal", "arrest", "custody", "australia", "criminal"],
        "source_url": "https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/first-australians/royal-commission-aboriginal-deaths-custody",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # UAE — Key Laws (bonus country)
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "AE",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "UAE Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 — Labour Law",
        "full_text": "The UAE Labour Law (Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 on Regulation of Labour Relations) replaced the previous 1980 law.\n\nKey provisions: All employment contracts must be in writing. Maximum probation: 6 months. Working hours: 8 hours/day (48 hours/week), reduced to 6 hours during Ramadan. Overtime: 1.25x normal rate (1.5x for night work, 1.5x for Fridays). Annual leave: 30 calendar days after 1 year. Sick leave: 90 days (15 full pay, 30 half pay, 45 unpaid). Maternity leave: 60 days (45 full pay, 15 half pay).\n\nEnd-of-service gratuity: 21 days' basic salary per year for first 5 years, 30 days per year thereafter. Notice period: minimum 30 days (up to 90 days contractually). Anti-discrimination and equal pay provisions. Protection against harassment and bullying. Workers' compensation for work injuries.",
        "summary": "Modern UAE labour law: 8-hour days, 1.25x-1.5x overtime, 30 days annual leave, 60 days maternity leave, end-of-service gratuity (21-30 days pay per year), minimum 30-day notice period, anti-discrimination protections, and 90 days sick leave.",
        "effective_date": "2022-02-02",
        "tags": ["labour", "uae", "employment", "gratuity", "leave", "overtime"],
        "source_url": "https://www.mohre.gov.ae/",
    },

    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    # KENYA — Key Laws (bonus country)
    # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    {
        "country": "KE",
        "area": "constitutional",
        "title": "Constitution of Kenya 2010 — Bill of Rights (Chapter 4)",
        "full_text": "Chapter 4 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 contains the Bill of Rights.\n\nArticle 25: Rights that cannot be limited even in emergency: freedom from torture, slavery, right to fair trial, habeas corpus.\nArticle 26: Right to life.\nArticle 27: Equality and freedom from discrimination.\nArticle 28: Human dignity.\nArticle 29: Freedom and security of person — no arbitrary arrest, no torture.\nArticle 31: Privacy.\nArticle 32: Freedom of conscience, religion, belief, opinion.\nArticle 33: Freedom of expression.\nArticle 34: Freedom of media.\nArticle 35: Access to information.\nArticle 36: Freedom of association.\nArticle 37: Right to assembly, demonstration, picketing, and petition.\nArticle 40: Protection of right to property.\nArticle 41: Labour relations — fair remuneration, reasonable conditions, join/form unions, strike.\nArticle 43: Economic and social rights — health care, housing, food, water, social security, education.\nArticle 47: Fair administrative action.\nArticle 48: Access to justice.\nArticle 49: Rights of arrested persons — informed promptly, right to lawyer, brought before court within 24 hours.\nArticle 50: Fair hearing — presumption of innocence, right to counsel, trial within reasonable time.",
        "summary": "Kenya's Bill of Rights: comprehensive protections including non-derogable rights (freedom from torture, fair trial), equality, privacy, expression, assembly, property, labour rights, economic/social rights (health, housing, food, water), and robust arrest/trial protections.",
        "effective_date": "2010-08-27",
        "tags": ["constitution", "bill_of_rights", "kenya", "fundamental_rights"],
        "source_url": "http://kenyalaw.org/kl/index.php?id=398",
    },
    {
        "country": "KE",
        "area": "labor",
        "title": "Employment Act 2007 (Kenya)",
        "full_text": "The Employment Act 2007 is Kenya's primary employment legislation.\n\nKey provisions: Written contract required for employment of 3+ months. Working hours: 52 per week (or as agreed). Overtime: 1.5x normal rate (2x on rest days and holidays). Annual leave: 21 working days with full pay. Sick leave: 7 days full pay, then 7 days half pay after 2 months' service.\n\nMaternity leave: 3 months with full pay. Paternity leave: 2 weeks with full pay. Notice: as per contract, or 28 days if not specified. Protection from unfair termination: cannot terminate on grounds of pregnancy, race, sex, disability, HIV status, union membership, or whistleblowing. Severance pay: minimum 15 days' pay per year of service in case of redundancy.",
        "summary": "Kenya's primary employment law: written contracts required, 52-hour work week, 21 days annual leave, 3 months maternity leave, 2 weeks paternity leave, protections against unfair termination, and 15 days' pay per year severance for redundancy.",
        "effective_date": "2008-06-01",
        "tags": ["employment", "labour", "kenya", "leave", "termination"],
        "source_url": "http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/EmploymentAct_Cap226-No11of2007_01.pdf",
    },
]
